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| 1945 March 24 |
| | | At a cost of 20,000 dead, US marines win full control of the small strategic island of Iwo Jima | |
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| 1945 April 12 |
| | | President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies and is succeeded by his vice-president, Harry S. Truman | |
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| 1945 May 7 |
| | | The unconditional surrender of all German forces is accepted at Eisenhower's headquarters | |
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| 1945 July 16 |
| | | US scientists succeed in exploding an atom bomb at Alamogordo, a test site in the New Mexican desert | |
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| 1945 July 17 |
| | | Truman, Stalin and Churchill meet for a summit conference in Potsdam | |
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| 1945 August 6 |
| | | An atom bomb is dropped on Hiroshima, destroying four square miles of the city and killing 80,000 people | |
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| 1945 September 2 |
| | | World War II ends officially with the surrender of Japan, formally accepted by Douglas MacArthur | |
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| 1947 |
| | | The US Congress passes a National Security Act, setting up the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) | |
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| 1947 |
| | | President Truman defines postwar US policy by pledging support for any nation defending itself against Communism | |
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| 1948 |
| | | US president Harry S. Truman wins election to the office in his own right | |
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